External publications document their authors’ findings and proposals. SpaceBank’s applications are stated separately. Project sources describe our own research architecture; they provide no independent confirmation of a transaction.
IPMVP: measurement boundary and savings
Efficiency Valuation Organization · Core Concepts 2022; web overview
Passage: Scope; Measurement boundary
“Energy savings in a facility cannot be directly measured because savings represent the absence of consumption or demand.”
Application to our work. Agree the measurement boundary, baseline adjustments and verification plan before allocating a savings payment.
Evidence boundary. A framework for measurement. A specific project still needs its own data and M&V plan.
The next-generation monetary and financial system
Bank for International Settlements · 24 June 2025
Passage: Introduction
“the integration of messaging, reconciliation and asset transfer into a single, seamless operation”
Application to our work. Keep the claim, transfer conditions and settlement record connected through the full lifecycle.
Evidence boundary. A proposed financial architecture. It does not validate a SpaceBank instrument.
From vision to delivery: building Europe’s tokenised financial market
European Central Bank · 26 August 2026
Passage: An integrated legal framework
“Advanced technology cannot compensate for fragmented law.”
Application to our work. Document title, jurisdiction, servicing and settlement finality alongside the software rules.
Evidence boundary. Pontes and Appia have distinct implementation plans. SpaceBank has no connection to these services asserted here.
Space TechEU financing announcement
European Investment Bank · 26 November 2025
Passage: Programme summary
“The EIB’s first dedicated financing facility for European space companies.”
Application to our work. Study how technical assessment, credit lines and guarantees can support bank lending to space companies.
Evidence boundary. The announcement describes expected €500 million EIB financing and €1.4 billion mobilised investment. These are programme ambitions, not SpaceBank funding.
Space Solar Power Demonstrator transmits power in space
Caltech · 1 June 2023
Passage: MAPLE experiment; opening paragraphs
“beam detectable power to Earth”
Application to our work. Separate a demonstrated physical result from a commercial delivery commitment. Record receiver location, delivered power, duration and losses.
Evidence boundary. A research demonstration. This source establishes neither grid-scale delivery nor a contracted energy revenue stream.
Space Protocol to the Cape Town Convention
UNIDROIT · 9 March 2012
Passage: Articles I and XXXVIII
Application to our work. Map the asset, obligor, rights assignment and enforcement questions before considering space collateral.
Evidence boundary. Treat this as a legal research reference. Applicability, entry-into-force conditions and jurisdiction require case-specific review.
Origin: from reality to right
SpaceBank / Echelon · 31 August 2026
Passage: From reality to right; Compact fundamental core
“Observation, calculation, hypothesis, engineering concept and verified result remain distinct states.”
Application to our work. Retain data provenance, assumptions, authority and decision history when models or operators change.
Evidence boundary. Project-authored architecture and history. Independent operating evidence is not supplied by this statement.
Energy Tokenization architecture
SpaceBank · 31 August 2026
Passage: Primitives; participation requirements
Application to our work. Keep energy, origin, flexibility, savings, capacity and receivables separate. Connect them only through explicit contracts.
Evidence boundary. A project research framework. Market qualification and enforceability depend on the specific jurisdiction.
PayPal, SETI Institute, Buzz Aldrin and Space Leaders Launch PayPal Galactic
PayPal · 27 June 2013
Passage: Launch announcement; questions for space commerce
“we won't be using cash in space”
Application to our work. David Marcus’s statement frames an early research agenda for payments and banking beyond Earth. The programme also asked about fraud, regulation and customer support.
Evidence boundary. A historical initiative. Its announcement does not establish an operating space payments service today.
Outer Frontiers of Banking: Financing Space Explorers and Safeguarding Terrestrial Finance
Cahan, Marboe and Roedel / New Space · 1 December 2016
Passage: University of Vienna publication record and abstract; New Space 4(4), 253–268; DOI 10.1089/space.2016.0010
“A space bank is described”
Application to our work. Use the paper as a starting point for valuation, financing, insurance and legal research around space-borne assets.
Evidence boundary. A published research proposal. It provides neither evidence of an operating bank nor membership of the SpaceBank working group.
Blockchain in space: satellite value-transfer demonstration
J.P. Morgan · March 2021 · public report
Passage: Bank technology report; official J.P. Morgan announcement of 15 March 2021
Application to our work. Study the requirements for machine transactions and continuity of financial records when infrastructure is in orbit.
Evidence boundary. A technical experiment. Commercial service availability, settlement finality and participation in SpaceBank need separate evidence.
How research becomes a case
A usable submission identifies the asset, interval, unit, data source, baseline, owner, payer, contract, jurisdiction, uncertainty and next test. Missing fields remain explicit. A plausible model becomes an operating case only when the relevant evidence is supplied.
Instrument studies · Submit a research question or correction